摘要: 深海微生物是地球生物係統的重要組成部分,深海微生物由於其在生態、資源、環境等方麵的重要性,越來越受到人們的重視。本文對深海微生物研究開發的曆史和進展進行概述。
關鍵詞: 深海微生物; 研究; 開發
Research and development of deepsea microbes
ABSTRACT Deepsea microbes are the important components of earth biological system. Deepsea microbes have received more and more intensive attention as their importance in the research and application in ecology, resources, environments, and so on. In this study, the history and main achievements in deepsea microbial research and developments were briefly introduced.
KEY WORDS Deepsea microbes; Research; Development
深海的概念通常指
1 工業應用
工業生產常常要求一些特殊的反應溫度、酸堿度並加入一些有機溶劑,在這種條件下,普通酶無法保持活性,因此,依賴酶的工業必須花費大量資金采取特殊的工藝以保持這些酶的活性,從而大大提高了成本,而極端酶在普通酶失活的條件下仍然能保持較高的活性,所以在工業上有著廣泛的的應用前景。目前已經有高溫聚合酶、糖酶、澱粉酶、蛋白酶等幾種極端酶開始工業化生產,並且已經創造了數十億美元的經濟效益。
2 醫藥應用
從生物體內研製藥物治療人類的各種疾病由來已久。由於越來越多的病原菌或病毒對目前的藥物產生了抗藥性,並且不斷產生新的疾病。因此從海洋中篩選新的生物藥物成為海洋藥物研究開發的方向。深海生物由於環境的獨特性而成為新型特效藥物、抗腫瘤、抗病毒、降壓降脂等藥物的來源。目前國際上在深海藥物的篩選方麵還未見太多報道,但是可以預料它的前景將是十分廣闊的。
3 環境保護
在海底,由於動物屍體聚集、火山噴發等原因造成有毒物質及硫化物等對陸地生物有害物質的濃度較高,而生存在這裏的微生物能分解這些物質並以其為能源繁衍生息,因此,這些生物在清除地球表麵的重金屬、石油等汙染物方麵具有重要的應用價值。目前日本科學家已經從深海中篩選到具有較高的石油分解能力的菌株,並已開展了應用研究。從20世紀後期開始,隨著深海技術能力的提高,越來越多的國家投身於深海研究的前沿領域。目前的深海載人潛器下潛深度達到
作者:肖湘 王風平
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